Timeline: William Pole

1518—1518: Treaty of London, a non-aggression pact between the major European nations: France, England, Holy Roman Empire, the Papacy, Spain, Burgundy and the Netherlands - sponsored by Cardinal Wolsey

1520

Nov 1520—Nov 1520: Three ships under the command of Ferdinand Magellan negotiate the Strait of Magellan, becoming the first Europeans to sail from the Atlantic Ocean to the Pacific

1521

17 Apr 1521—17 Apr 1521: Martin Luther speaks to the assembly at the Diet of Worms, refusing to recant his teachings
17 May 1521—17 May 1521: Edward Stafford, 3rd Duke of Buckingham, executed for treason
25 May 1521—25 May 1521: Diet of Worms ends when Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor issues the Edict of Worms, declaring Martin Luther an outlaw

1522

6 Sep 1522—6 Sep 1522: The Victoria, one of the surviving ships of Ferdinand Magellan's expedition, becomes the first ship known to circumnavigate the world

1525

1525—1525: New Testament translated into English by William Tyndale

1527

1527—1527: Bishop Vesey's Grammar School founded in Sutton Coldfield

1528

1528—1528: St George's Chapel in Windsor Castle completed

1531

11 Feb 1531—11 Feb 1531: Henry VIII recognised as Supreme Head of the Church of England

1532

1532—1532: Foundation of the Court of Session in Scotland

1533

25 Jan 1533—25 Jan 1533: Henry VIII marries Anne Boleyn secretly, wife #2 (she was crowned as Queen on 1st June)
30 Mar 1533—30 Mar 1533: Thomas Cranmer becomes Archbishop of Canterbury
23 May 1533—23 May 1533: Henry VIII's marriage with Catherine of Aragon officially declared annulled
11 Jul 1533—11 Jul 1533: Henry VIII excommunicated by Pope Clement VII
17 Sep 1533—17 Sep 1533: Anne Boleyn gives birth to a daughter Elizabeth, to become Queen Elizabeth I

1534

1534—1534: Reformation of the Catholic Church in England church (Henry VIII)

1535

1535—1535: Sir Thomas More executed

1536

1536—1536: Wales and England legally united by the Laws in Wales Act of 1535
1536—1536: Dissolution of monasteries starts in England (to 1540)
19 May 1536—19 May 1536: Anne Boleyn executed
30 May 1536—30 May 1536: Henry VIII marries Jane Seymour, wife #3 (she was crowned as Queen on 29th October)
18 Jul 1536—18 Jul 1536: The authority of the Pope is declared void in England

1537

24 Oct 1537—24 Oct 1537: Jane Seymour dies from complications in giving birth to a son, the future Edward VI

1538

1538—1538: Henry VIII issues English Bible
1538—1538: English and Welsh parish registers start
17 Dec 1538—17 Dec 1538: Henry VIII excommunicated by Pope Paul III

1540

1540—1540: Statute of Wills allows freehold land to be bequeathed
6 Jan 1540—6 Jan 1540: Henry VIII marries Anne of Cleves, the 'Flanders Mare', wife #4
9 Feb 1540—9 Feb 1540: First recorded horse racing event in Britain, at Chester
9 Jul 1540—9 Jul 1540: Henry VIII divorces Anne of Cleves
28 Jul 1540—28 Jul 1540: Thomas Cromwell executed; Henry VIII marries Catherine Howard the same day, wife #5

1541

1541—1541: Henry VIII proclaimed king (rather than feudal lord) of Ireland

1542

13 Feb 1542—13 Feb 1542: Catherine Howard executed
14 Dec 1542—14 Dec 1542: Death of King James V of Scots; his baby daughter Mary ?Queen of Scots' succeeds him just 6 days old

1543

12 Jul 1543—12 Jul 1543: Henry VIII marries Catherine Parr, wife #6, who survives him
9 Sep 1543—9 Sep 1543: Mary Stuart, at nine months old, is officially crowned Queen of Scots' in Stirling (spelling of the royal house changes from Stewart to Stuart)

1544

1544—1544: Henry's VIII's Rough Wooing' of the Scottish Borders
1544—1544: Mary of Guise, Regent of Scotland

1545

20 Jul 1545—20 Jul 1545: Mary Rose, flagship of Henry VIII, sinks in the Solent - raised in 1982

1546

1546—1546: Trinity College, Cambridge founded by Henry VIII

1547

1547—1547: Ivan the Terrible takes title 'Tsar of all the Russias'
1547—1547: Vagrants Act passed (able-bodied tramps can be detained as slaves)
1547—1547: English replaced Latin in church services in England and Wales
28 Jan 1547—28 Jan 1547: Death of Henry VIII (succeeded by Edward VI, aged 9, to 1553)
20 Feb 1547—20 Feb 1547: Coronation of Edward VI in Westminster Abbey
10 Sep 1547—10 Sep 1547: Battle of Pinkie Cleugh, said to be the first 'modern' battle to be fought in the British Isles

1548

1548—1548: Priests in England allowed to marry (about a third then did so) - but see 1554

1549

1549—1549: English Parliament declares enclosures legal
1549—1549: First Act of Uniformity in England made Catholic Mass illegal
1549—1549: Wedding ring finger changed from right to left hand
9 Jun 1549—9 Jun 1549: First Book of Common Prayer sanctioned by English Parliament

1550

1550—1550: Walloon Protestants arrive as refugees from the Low Countries

1551

1551—1551: Scotland: General Provincial Council orders each parish to keep a register of baptisms and banns of marriage

1552

Mar 1552—Mar 1552: An 'Act of Uniformity' imposes the Protestant prayerbook of 1552 in England

1553

6 Jul 1553—6 Jul 1553: Edward VI dies; Lady Jane Grey queen for a few days only
19 Jul 1553—19 Jul 1553: Mary Tudor ('Bloody Mary') comes to the throne

1554

1554—1554: Brief Catholic restoration under Queen Mary Tudor - married priests forced to separate at least 30 miles from their wives
12 Feb 1554—12 Feb 1554: Lady Jane Grey beheaded

1556

21 Mar 1556—21 Mar 1556: Archbishop of Canterbury, Thomas Cranmer burned at the stake in Oxford

1558

1558—1558: System of Counties adopted
1558—1558: Scottish parish registers start
7 Jan 1558—7 Jan 1558: French take Calais, last English possession in France
24 Apr 1558—24 Apr 1558: Marriage of Mary, Queen of Scots to Fran?ois the Dauphin of France in Paris
17 Nov 1558—17 Nov 1558: Queen Mary Tudor of England dies and is succeeded by her half-sister Elizabeth - Protestantism restored in England

1559

1559—1559: Tobacco introduced to Europe
1559—1559: John Knox returns from Continent - strengthens case for Presbyterianism in Scotland
15 Jan 1559—15 Jan 1559: Elizabeth crowned in Westminster Abbey by Owen Oglethorpe, the Bishop of Carlisle
29 Apr 1559—29 Apr 1559: Acts of Supremacy passed in Parliament, ending papal jurisdiction over England & Wales; established Church of England

1560

1560—1560: Establishment of Protestantism in Scotland - commissary courts thrown into confusion - some records lost
27 Feb 1560—27 Feb 1560: Treaty of Berwick between Duc du Chatelherault (as governor of Scotland) and the English, agreeing to act jointly to expel the French from Scotland

1561

1561—1561: Spire of St Paul's, highest in England, destroyed by fire
1561—1561: The first coins produced by machinery (known as a 'mill') rather than by hand, but it was a slow process and did not replace hand struck coinage until new machinery was introduced in 1663

1562

1562—1562: Earliest English slave-trading expedition, under John Hawkins - between Guinea and the West Indies

1563

28 Jul 1563—28 Jul 1563: The English surrender Le Havre to the French after a siege

1564

26 Apr 1564—26 Apr 1564: Shakespeare baptised - he is said to have been born on Apr 23, St George's Day; he certainly died on Apr 23, 1616

1565

29 Jul 1565—29 Jul 1565: Marriage of Mary, Queen of Scots to Henry Stuart, Lord Darnley, her first cousin

1566

9 Mar 1566—9 Mar 1566: Murder of David Riccio (or Rizzio) in Holyrood House

1567

10 Feb 1567—10 Feb 1567: Murder of Darnley outside Holyrood House in an explosion
15 May 1567—15 May 1567: Marriage of Mary Queen of Scots to James Hepburn, 4th Earl of Bothwell
24 Jul 1567—24 Jul 1567: Mary Queen of Scots deposed and replaced by her 1 year old son James VI

1568

13 May 1568—13 May 1568: Battle of Langside - Mary's flight to England and her imprisonment by Queen Elizabeth I

1569

1569—1569: Elizabeth I approved Sunday sports

1570

25 Feb 1570—25 Feb 1570: Pope Pius V issued the papal bull 'Regnans in Excelsis' to excommunicate Elizabeth I and her followers in the Church of England

1571

1571—1571: Presbyterianism introduced into England by Thomas Cartwright
1571—1571: Repeal of Act prohibiting lending of money on interest - gradual change from 'subsistence economy' to 'cash economy' resulted
1571—1571: Beginning of penal legislation against Catholics in England
23 Jan 1571—23 Jan 1571: Opening of the Royal Exchange in London, founded by Sir Thomas Gresham - this building destroyed in Great Fire of London 1666

1577

1577—1577: James Burbage opens first theatre in London

1579

1579—1579: Act of Uniformity in matters of religion enforced

1580

1580—1580: Congregational movement founded by Robert Browne about this time
1580—1580: Colonisation of Ireland
6 Apr 1580—6 Apr 1580: Dover Straits earthquake, largest in the recorded history of England, mentioned by Shakespeare - dozens of ships sunk and a tsunami hit Calais

1581

1581—1581: English Levant Company founded
16 Jan 1581—16 Jan 1581: English Parliament outlaws Roman Catholicism
4 Apr 1581—4 Apr 1581: Francis Drake knighted by Elizabeth I aboard the Golden Hind after circumnavigating the world

1583

1583—1583: University of Edinburgh founded
1583—1583: Foundation of Cambridge University Press by Thomas Thomas
Aug 1583—Aug 1583: Sir Humphrey Gilbert attempts to establish English authority at St John's, Newfoundland

1584

4 Jun 1584—4 Jun 1584: Sir Walter Raleigh establishes first English colony in the New World, on Roanoke Island, Virginia (now in North Carolina) - the so-called 'Lost Colony'

1585

1585—1585: Foundation of Oxford University Press

1587

1587—1587: Introduction of potatoes to England
8 Feb 1587—8 Feb 1587: Execution of Mary, Queen of Scots, at Fotheringay Castle, near Peterborough
19 Apr 1587—19 Apr 1587: Sir Francis Drake sinks the Spanish fleet in Cadiz harbour
11 Aug 1587—11 Aug 1587: Raleigh's second expedition to New World lands in North Carolina - first child born in the New World of English parents was Virginia Dare (Aug 18)

	Date	Event(s)
1	1515	15 Nov 1515—15 Nov 1515: Thomas Wolsley invested as Cardinal
2	1516	1516—1516: Thomas More writes Utopia'
3	1517	31 Oct 1517—31 Oct 1517: Martin Luther fixes his 95 theses on church door at Wittenburg - regarded as start of the Reformation
4	1518	1518—1518: Treaty of London, a non-aggression pact between the major European nations: France, England, Holy Roman Empire, the Papacy, Spain, Burgundy and the Netherlands - sponsored by Cardinal Wolsey
5	1520	Nov 1520—Nov 1520: Three ships under the command of Ferdinand Magellan negotiate the Strait of Magellan, becoming the first Europeans to sail from the Atlantic Ocean to the Pacific
6	1521	17 Apr 1521—17 Apr 1521: Martin Luther speaks to the assembly at the Diet of Worms, refusing to recant his teachings 17 May 1521—17 May 1521: Edward Stafford, 3rd Duke of Buckingham, executed for treason 25 May 1521—25 May 1521: Diet of Worms ends when Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor issues the Edict of Worms, declaring Martin Luther an outlaw
7	1522	6 Sep 1522—6 Sep 1522: The Victoria, one of the surviving ships of Ferdinand Magellan's expedition, becomes the first ship known to circumnavigate the world
8	1525	1525—1525: New Testament translated into English by William Tyndale
9	1527	1527—1527: Bishop Vesey's Grammar School founded in Sutton Coldfield
10	1528	1528—1528: St George's Chapel in Windsor Castle completed
11	1531	11 Feb 1531—11 Feb 1531: Henry VIII recognised as Supreme Head of the Church of England
12	1532	1532—1532: Foundation of the Court of Session in Scotland
13	1533	25 Jan 1533—25 Jan 1533: Henry VIII marries Anne Boleyn secretly, wife #2 (she was crowned as Queen on 1st June) 30 Mar 1533—30 Mar 1533: Thomas Cranmer becomes Archbishop of Canterbury 23 May 1533—23 May 1533: Henry VIII's marriage with Catherine of Aragon officially declared annulled 11 Jul 1533—11 Jul 1533: Henry VIII excommunicated by Pope Clement VII 17 Sep 1533—17 Sep 1533: Anne Boleyn gives birth to a daughter Elizabeth, to become Queen Elizabeth I
14	1534	1534—1534: Reformation of the Catholic Church in England church (Henry VIII)
15	1535	1535—1535: Sir Thomas More executed
16	1536	1536—1536: Wales and England legally united by the Laws in Wales Act of 1535 1536—1536: Dissolution of monasteries starts in England (to 1540) 19 May 1536—19 May 1536: Anne Boleyn executed 30 May 1536—30 May 1536: Henry VIII marries Jane Seymour, wife #3 (she was crowned as Queen on 29th October) 18 Jul 1536—18 Jul 1536: The authority of the Pope is declared void in England
17	1537	24 Oct 1537—24 Oct 1537: Jane Seymour dies from complications in giving birth to a son, the future Edward VI
18	1538	1538—1538: Henry VIII issues English Bible 1538—1538: English and Welsh parish registers start 17 Dec 1538—17 Dec 1538: Henry VIII excommunicated by Pope Paul III
19	1540	1540—1540: Statute of Wills allows freehold land to be bequeathed 6 Jan 1540—6 Jan 1540: Henry VIII marries Anne of Cleves, the 'Flanders Mare', wife #4 9 Feb 1540—9 Feb 1540: First recorded horse racing event in Britain, at Chester 9 Jul 1540—9 Jul 1540: Henry VIII divorces Anne of Cleves 28 Jul 1540—28 Jul 1540: Thomas Cromwell executed; Henry VIII marries Catherine Howard the same day, wife #5
20	1541	1541—1541: Henry VIII proclaimed king (rather than feudal lord) of Ireland
21	1542	13 Feb 1542—13 Feb 1542: Catherine Howard executed 14 Dec 1542—14 Dec 1542: Death of King James V of Scots; his baby daughter Mary ?Queen of Scots' succeeds him just 6 days old
22	1543	12 Jul 1543—12 Jul 1543: Henry VIII marries Catherine Parr, wife #6, who survives him 9 Sep 1543—9 Sep 1543: Mary Stuart, at nine months old, is officially crowned Queen of Scots' in Stirling (spelling of the royal house changes from Stewart to Stuart)
23	1544	1544—1544: Henry's VIII's Rough Wooing' of the Scottish Borders 1544—1544: Mary of Guise, Regent of Scotland
24	1545	20 Jul 1545—20 Jul 1545: Mary Rose, flagship of Henry VIII, sinks in the Solent - raised in 1982
25	1546	1546—1546: Trinity College, Cambridge founded by Henry VIII
26	1547	1547—1547: Ivan the Terrible takes title 'Tsar of all the Russias' 1547—1547: Vagrants Act passed (able-bodied tramps can be detained as slaves) 1547—1547: English replaced Latin in church services in England and Wales 28 Jan 1547—28 Jan 1547: Death of Henry VIII (succeeded by Edward VI, aged 9, to 1553) 20 Feb 1547—20 Feb 1547: Coronation of Edward VI in Westminster Abbey 10 Sep 1547—10 Sep 1547: Battle of Pinkie Cleugh, said to be the first 'modern' battle to be fought in the British Isles
27	1548	1548—1548: Priests in England allowed to marry (about a third then did so) - but see 1554
28	1549	1549—1549: English Parliament declares enclosures legal 1549—1549: First Act of Uniformity in England made Catholic Mass illegal 1549—1549: Wedding ring finger changed from right to left hand 9 Jun 1549—9 Jun 1549: First Book of Common Prayer sanctioned by English Parliament
29	1550	1550—1550: Walloon Protestants arrive as refugees from the Low Countries
30	1551	1551—1551: Scotland: General Provincial Council orders each parish to keep a register of baptisms and banns of marriage
31	1552	Mar 1552—Mar 1552: An 'Act of Uniformity' imposes the Protestant prayerbook of 1552 in England
32	1553	6 Jul 1553—6 Jul 1553: Edward VI dies; Lady Jane Grey queen for a few days only 19 Jul 1553—19 Jul 1553: Mary Tudor ('Bloody Mary') comes to the throne
33	1554	1554—1554: Brief Catholic restoration under Queen Mary Tudor - married priests forced to separate at least 30 miles from their wives 12 Feb 1554—12 Feb 1554: Lady Jane Grey beheaded
34	1556	21 Mar 1556—21 Mar 1556: Archbishop of Canterbury, Thomas Cranmer burned at the stake in Oxford
35	1558	1558—1558: System of Counties adopted 1558—1558: Scottish parish registers start 7 Jan 1558—7 Jan 1558: French take Calais, last English possession in France 24 Apr 1558—24 Apr 1558: Marriage of Mary, Queen of Scots to Fran?ois the Dauphin of France in Paris 17 Nov 1558—17 Nov 1558: Queen Mary Tudor of England dies and is succeeded by her half-sister Elizabeth - Protestantism restored in England
36	1559	1559—1559: Tobacco introduced to Europe 1559—1559: John Knox returns from Continent - strengthens case for Presbyterianism in Scotland 15 Jan 1559—15 Jan 1559: Elizabeth crowned in Westminster Abbey by Owen Oglethorpe, the Bishop of Carlisle 29 Apr 1559—29 Apr 1559: Acts of Supremacy passed in Parliament, ending papal jurisdiction over England & Wales; established Church of England
37	1560	1560—1560: Establishment of Protestantism in Scotland - commissary courts thrown into confusion - some records lost 27 Feb 1560—27 Feb 1560: Treaty of Berwick between Duc du Chatelherault (as governor of Scotland) and the English, agreeing to act jointly to expel the French from Scotland
38	1561	1561—1561: Spire of St Paul's, highest in England, destroyed by fire 1561—1561: The first coins produced by machinery (known as a 'mill') rather than by hand, but it was a slow process and did not replace hand struck coinage until new machinery was introduced in 1663
39	1562	1562—1562: Earliest English slave-trading expedition, under John Hawkins - between Guinea and the West Indies